s004

Dangerous Pipelines

Enbridge, which is proposing to expand its Line 3 pipeline through Minnesota, has a long track record of pipeline coque custodia cover fundas hoesjes j3 j5 j6 s20 s10 s9 s8 s7 s6 s5 plus edge d25386 gold kate spade lotus samsung galaxy s6 edge case spills, both chronic small spills and large catastrophes.

From 2002 to present, Enbridge and its joint ventures and subsidiaries reported 307 hazardous liquids incidents to federal regulators one incident every 20 days on average. These spills released a total of 66,059 barrels (2.8 million gallons, or more than four Olympic sized swimming pools) of coque custodia cover fundas hoesjes j3 j5 j6 s20 s10 s9 s8 s7 s6 s5 plus edge d26052 gustav klimt the kiss samsung galaxy s10 e case hazardous liquids.

The disastrous 2010 spill of 20,000 barrels (840,000 gallons) of tar sands into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan is Enbridge’s largest during this time period, and 42 other incidents were larger than 2,100 gallons (50 coque iphone 5 tigrou barrels). on March 3, 1991 coque huawei p8 lite 2016 hybride luxe when 40,000 barrels (1,680,000 gallons) spilled in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.

Incidents have been reported from both old and new pipelines and equipment. Data on the age and cause of failure for these incidents show that new pipelines are not free from harmful incidents. Given the long proposed lifetimes of these coque huawei samsung a70 coque magnetique p30 chat disney projects, new pipelines eventually turn into old ones.

Alarmingly, 46 Enbridge spills were due to coque huawei p8 lite 2017 fee equipment or materials that was installed 10 years or less prior to the incident.

In the state of Minnesota alone since 2002, seven pipeline operators (including Enbridge, Magellan and Koch Pipelines) have reported 132 hazardous liquids incidents, 17 of which were larger than 2,100 gallons (50 barrels).

Citing environmental risks and other factors, the Minnesota Department of Commerce concluded that the coque silicone huawei p30 lite fleurs Line 3 expansion is not in Minnesota’s interest, and that the existing pipeline should cease operations.

The Line 3 expansion is starkly inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement. Oil spills from tar sands pipelines put Indigenous Nations and communities along its path at risk. government, where Anishinaabe rights to hunt, fish and gather were upheld coque p9 lite huawei 2016 by a 1999 Supreme Court decision.[5] As the Indigenous led organization Honor the Earth puts it: “The proposed Line 3 coque iphone 5 carte du monde corridor would violate the treaty rights of the Anishinaabeg by endangering primary areas of hunting, fishing, wild rice, and cultural resources in coque huawei p10 lite bleu marine the 1855 treaty territory. [ Line 3 threatens the culture, way of life, and physical survival of the Ojibwe people."[6]

The existing Line 3 pipeline runs coque induction huawei mate 10 pro for over 1,000 miles from Edmonton, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin. The proposed expansion would deviate from the existing Line 3 route for a substantial section in Minnesota, requiring a new right of way, and would use the existing route for the rest of its length.[7] Once fully expanded, Enbridge’s Mainline system would transport over 3 million barrels per day a volume of oil equivalent to two Exxon Valdez tankers every day.[8]

Alberta’s tar sands are among the dirtiest and most carbon intensive fuel sources on the planet, with total lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions more than 30% higher than standard crude oil.[9] coque gsm huawei p30 lite However, a lack of pipeline takeaway capacity has hampered investment and confidence in new extraction projects.[10] The Line 3 expansion, along with the Trans Mountain Expansion Project and the Keystone XL pipeline, were proposed to rectify this situation for the oil companies, but the planet can no longer tolerate additional tar sands extraction. Climate Alliance vowing to “uphold the tenets of the Paris Climate Change Agreement in our state.”[13]

Minnesota is already experiencing impacts from a changing climate. Over the past century, Minnesota has gotten warmer and wetter, with more frequent heavy rains and less extreme low temperatures.[14] Warmer winters could fuel the spread of pests, such as the eastern larch beetle, and negatively impact winter recreation and tourism.[15] Summer of 2018 saw a cyanobacteria algal bloom that stretched for 50 miles through the waters of Lake Superior, driven by warmer waters and agricultural runoff.[16] Future warming could bring worsening air quality, more flooding, and threats to agriculture.[17] Even if a longer agricultural growing season could coque huawei p8 lite 2017 amazon bring economic benefits to the state,[18] by the end of the century “the Minnesota summer climate will generally resemble that of current day Kansas.”[19]

Enbridge’s Line 3 expansion project carries many of the same financial and reputational risks as the Dakota Access Pipeline, both for the pipeline builder and its coque custodia cover fundas hoesjes j3 j5 j6 s20 s10 s9 s8 s7 s6 s5 plus edge b36054 spidey venom ff0464 samsung galaxy note 10 case financial backers.[20] In 2017, the Minnesota Department of Commerce found that “Enbridge has not established a need for the proposed project in Minnesota,” noting that demand for refined petroleum products would likely stay flat in Minnesota, and that midwestern refineries are already running close to capacity.[21] The Commerce Department also concluded that, given the environmental and socioeconomic risks, coque huawei mate 20 pro spigen “Minnesota would be better off if Enbridge proposed to coque rose lapin iphone 4 cease operations of the existing Line 3, without any new pipeline being built.”[22]

Despite the numerous compelling arguments against Line 3, the Minnesota Public Utility Commission has moved to grant Enbridge’s Certificate of Need, although as of this writing there remain several permits, including motions to reconsider, still to be granted before construction can begin.

Enbridge’s History of Oil Spills

Enbridge was founded in coque custodia cover fundas hoesjes j3 j5 j6 s20 s10 s9 s8 s7 s6 s5 plus edge d24721 friends tv series collage samsung galaxy s8 plus case 1949 as the Interprovincial Pipe Line Company and built its first pipeline moving crude oil from Regina, Canada iphone 6 coque silicone 3d south across the border to Superior, Wisconsin. and has a stake in more than 193,000 miles of natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGL) pipelines.[24]

Enbridge Inc. (ENB) is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. (EEQ), a general partner Enbridge Energy Company, Inc. portion of the pipeline network owned by Enbridge and its joint ventures and subsidiaries suffered coque nba huawei p10 lite 307 hazardous liquids incidents from 2002 to August 2018 around one spill every 20 days on average.[28] There is no comparable national data set in Canada or a consistent format for data collection or release. The National Energy Board coque iphone xr noir rigide regulates inter provincial pipelines and provincial agencies regulate pipelines that don’t cross a provincial boundary.[29]

As can be seen from the figure, Enbridge and its subsidiaries have reported a significant number of incidents every year since 2002. has reported 173 incidents since 2002, along with significant numbers of spills from Enbridge Pipelines Ozark (39) and the North Dakota Pipeline Company (30). CCPS Transportation, a subsidiary which operates the Spearhead Pipeline, has reported 18 incidents. For Express Holdings (which operates the Express Pipeline) and the Olympic Pipeline (operated by BP, but with a majority stake held by Enbridge from 2005 2017), we only include pipeline spills that occurred when Enbridge held an interest in the pipeline. (For full details on research methods, see Appendix A.)..

This entry was posted on 月曜日, 9 月 14th, 2020 at 5:29 am and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.